Malinga ndi nkhani yochokera ku Barcelona, Spain, chiwopsezo cha masamba, chomwe chafalikira padziko lonse lapansi ndikuwononga kwambiri chuma ndikuyika mbewu zosiyanasiyana pachiwopsezo, chikuyembekezeka kuwongolera.The Development Department of Spain lainco company and plant health innovation and development center of the University of helona (cidsv) akhazikitsa bwinobwino njira yachilengedwe yoyera patatha zaka zisanu za kafukufuku wa sayansi.Chiwembuchi sichitha kuwongolera bwino ndikuletsa kutentha kwa masamba, komanso zimakhudzanso matenda ena a bakiteriya omwe amawononga mbewu, monga Pseudomonas syringae matenda a kiwifruit ndi phwetekere, Xanthomonas matenda a zipatso zamwala ndi mtengo wa amondi, choipitsa chamoto wa peyala ndi zina zotero. .
Leaf m'mphepete Scorch amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku mbewu, makamaka mitengo ya zipatso.Zitha kuchititsa kuti zomera zipse ndi kuvunda.Zikavuta kwambiri, zipangitsa kuti masamba ndi nthambi ziume mpaka mbewu yonse ifa.M'mbuyomu, njira yochepetsera kutentha kwa masamba nthawi zambiri inali kuchotsa ndi kuwononga mbewu zonse zodwala m'malo obzala kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya.Komabe, njira imeneyi sangalepheretse kufalikira kwapadziko lonse kwa tsamba m'mphepete zipsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Akuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti tafalikira kwambiri ku America, Middle East, Asia ndi Europe.Mbewu zovulaza ndi monga mphesa, mtengo wa azitona, mtengo wa zipatso zamwala, mtengo wa amondi, mtengo wa citrus ndi mitengo ina yazipatso, zomwe zadzetsanso mavuto aakulu azachuma.Akuti pali gulu limodzi lokha la mphesa ku California, USA, zomwe zimapangitsa kutayika kwa madola 104 miliyoni a US chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kupsa kwa masamba.Chiyambireni kupezeka kwa masamba oyaka ku Europe mu 2013, chifukwa chakufalikira kwake mwachangu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda talembedwa ngati pulojekiti yofunika kwambiri yotsekera tizilombo ndi European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO).Kafukufuku wofunikira ku Europe akuwonetsa kuti popanda njira zopewera komanso zowongolera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'minda ya azitona tidzafalikira mwachisawawa, ndipo akuti kuwonongeka kwachuma kumatha kufika mabiliyoni ambiri a mayuro mkati mwa zaka 50.
Monga kampani ya R & D ndi kupanga yomwe ikuyang'ana kwambiri zachitetezo cha mbewu, lainco ku Spain yadzipereka kuti ifufuze njira yachilengedwe yothana ndi kufalikira kwa masamba akupsa padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 2016. Kutengera kafukufuku wozama wa chomera china chofunikira mafuta, lainco R & D dipatimenti anayamba kuyesa ntchito Eucalyptus n'kofunika mafuta kuthana ndi masamba m'mphepete ofunda mabakiteriya, ndipo akwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino.Kenako, chomera thanzi luso ndi chitukuko pakati pa helona University (cidsv), motsogozedwa ndi Dr. Emilio Montesinos, anapezerapo ntchito zogwirizana mgwirizano moganizira bulugamu n'kofunika mafuta kwa kafukufuku olowa ndi chitukuko, zina anatsimikiza efficacy wa zofunika mafuta mankhwala, ndi inafulumizitsa ntchitoyi kuchoka ku labotale kupita ku ntchito yothandiza.Kuonjezera apo, lainco anatsimikizira kupyolera muzoyesera zingapo kuti njira yachilengedweyi ndi yoyeneranso kuwongolera kufalikira kwa matenda a Pseudomonas syringae a kiwifruit ndi phwetekere, Xanthomonas matenda a zipatso zamwala ndi mtengo wa amondi ndi peyala yamoto choipitsa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ya njira yatsopanoyi ndi yakuti ndi njira yodzitetezera mwachilengedwe komanso njira yopewera, yomwe ndi yosavuta kuigwiritsa ntchito, ndipo palibe kuwonongeka kwa zomera zomwe zili ndi matenda ndi zinyama ndi zomera zogwirizana nazo.The zikuchokera mankhwala ndi khola pa ndende mkulu ndi kutentha chipinda, ndipo ali ndi chidwi kwambiri kupewa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Akuti mankhwala ophera bowa achilengedwe a lainco angopeza kumene patent ku Spain ndipo alimbikitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi m'miyezi ingapo.Kuyambira m’chaka cha 2022, bungwe la lainco lidzachita kaye ntchito yolembetsa ndi kuvomereza ku United States ndi European Union, yomwe yayambika m’mayiko ena ku South America.
Lainco ndi kampani yamankhwala yomwe imapanga, kupanga, phukusi ndi kugulitsa mankhwala a phytosanitary ndi mankhwala.Pakadali pano, kampaniyo ili ndi njira zingapo zotetezera mbewu, makamaka njira zatsopano za biostimulant ndi feteleza wachilengedwe.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kampaniyo imatsimikizira chitsanzo chachitukuko choyenera komanso chokhazikika chokhala ndi khalidwe lazogulitsa, luso lamakono komanso kulemekeza chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-12-2022